美國華盛頓州近日通報一宗全球首例人類感染H5N5禽流感的病例，引起國際關注。根據綜合美國媒體報導，患者為一名年長男性，患有基礎健康疾病，於11月初因高燒、意識混亂及呼吸困難送醫，經實驗室檢測確診感染H5N5亞型禽流感病毒，目前病情嚴重，正在西雅圖一間醫院接受專科治療。
《紐約郵報》報導，H5N5病毒株過去僅在動物體內被發現，包括野生鳥類與家禽，此為人類首次感染紀錄。華盛頓州公共衛生單位指出，該名患者居住於西南沿海的格雷斯港郡（Grays Harbor County），飼養混合品種的後院家禽，並可能與野鳥有所接觸。據悉，他飼養的禽鳥中曾有兩隻鳥在數週前死亡，被認為是最有可能的病毒暴露來源。
華盛頓州公共衛生獸醫利普頓（Beth Lipton）博士表示，儘管這是H5N5病毒首次在人類中檢出，但該病毒本身並非新型病毒株。她強調：「H5N5並不是全新出現的病毒，而是原本已知的禽流感病毒亞型之一。」
美國疾病管制與預防中心（CDC）和當地衛生官員皆指出，這起病例對一般公眾的風險「極低」。目前沒有證據顯示病毒具備人傳人能力，與患者有接觸的個案也經過追蹤與檢測，均未發現感染跡象。
過往人類禽流感感染大多與H5N1病毒株相關，H5N1自2022年以來已在美國野鳥、家禽、乳牛與少數人類中發現，雖仍屬罕見，但其傳播風險已引起全球防疫單位警覺。截至目前，美國已記錄71起人類H5型禽流感病例，其中一例在路易斯安那州導致死亡，其餘多為輕症。
病毒學家指出，H5N5與H5N1的主要差異在於表面蛋白質結構不同。儘管目前尚無跡象顯示H5N5的傳染性或致病力高於H5N1，但其「首度跨物種至人類」的現象顯示禽流感病毒演化極具「不可預測性」，防疫體系必須隨時警惕。
目前，該名病患仍在住院治療中，衛生部門亦持續追查病毒來源，並強調與禽鳥密切接觸的民眾應落實防護措施，避免直接處理死禽或接觸野鳥，以降低感染風險。（CTWANT）
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